Cornelis Van Tienhoven was also known as Cornelius Lucas Van Tienhoven. He was also known as Secretary Cornelis Van Tienhoven. Cornelis Van Tienhoven was born at Probably, Utrecth Prov, Netherlands. He immigrated in 1633 to New Amsterdam, New York County, New York. He was a Company accountant, working for Director Wooter VAN TWILLER until the latter's removal in 1638. With the arrival of Director Willem KIEFT he was promoted to the title of Secretary and in many instances served as the Director's "right hand man. " After Kieft's removal in 1647, Van Tienhoven continued as the Secretary to Peter STUYVESANT. In 1651 he was promoted to "receiver general" of the Company's revenues and domains (New Netherland then included the area from Albany to Delaware) and in the following year Stuyvesant made him Schout-Fiscaal (sheriff and attorney general) of New Amsterdam. In 1633. "Cornelis van Tienhoven . . . in my capacity as husband and guardian of Ragel
Vienje, . . . acknowledge that I am fully satisfied and paid by Jan Jansen Damen the
sum of once three hundred Carolus guilders to which the aforesaid Ragel Vienjee . .
. was entitled by way of inheritance from her father Gulyn Vienjee, according to the
contract made between her mother Adriaenje Cuveljeers and Jan Damen. " In 1639. He married
Rachel Vigne, daughter of
Guillaume Vigne and
Adriana Cuveille, before 25 July 1639. A receipt dated July 25 1639 "Cornelis Van Tienhoven...in my capacity as husband and guardian of Tagel Vienje...acknowledge that I amy fully satisfied and baid by Jan Jansen Damen the sum of once three hunded Carolus guilders to which the aforesaid Ragel Vienjee...was etitled by way of inheritance from her father Gulyn Vienjee, according to the contract made between her mother Adraenje Cuveljeers and Jan Damen." In the spring of 1640, some parties of Raritan Indians attacked a Company trading boat near
Staten Island and stolen a canoe. They were also accused of stealing some swine. [The pigs
were actually stolen by some sailors who blamed the Indians for the theft. ] In mid-July, Director
Kieft sent Van Tienhoven on an expedition (with 50 soldiers and 20 sailors) to confront the
Raritans. Their orders were to force a peace, or, failing that, to take prisoners and destroy the
Raritans' corn crop. On his arrival at their village, they refused Van Tienhoven's demand for
restitution of the alleged losses.
Van Tienhoven then turned to his troops, told them that he would not be responsible if they
violated his orders, and began to walk away. He hadn't gone far when the soldiers acted on his
hint and suddenly attacked the Raritans by surprise, killed a few and captured several others.
One captive, the chief's brother, was tortured "in his private parts with a split piece of wood. "
Within six weeks the Raritans responded with an attack on Staten Island colonists, killing four
and burning a house and some tobacco sheds. Kieft responded by contacting several other
tribes and letting them know he would pay a large bounty in wampum for every head of a
Raritan they brought to him. The Raritans made peace with the Dutch before the year was out. In 1640. In February 1643 two bands of Algonquin Indians fled from attacks by their enemy the
Mohawks and, starving and homeless, sought refuge near New Amsterdam. Director Kieft
decided their helpless condition provided an opportunity to kill some more savages. Van
Tienhoven approached his father-in-law Jan Jansen DAMEN and brother-in-law Abraham VER
PLANCK, both members of the City Council. Over a hearty dinner and a lot of liquor, he coaxed
them into signing a petition to attack the Indians. Van Tienhoven then led 80 soldiers across
the Hudson at night to Hoboken, where they massacred a camp of sleeping Indians. The killing
continued through the next day, even of survivors who struggled out into the open to beg for
food or warmth. One witness who was opposed to the attack wrote:
Infants were snatched from their mothers breasts, and cut to pieces in sight of the
parents, and the pieces thrown into the fire and into the water; other sucklings were
bound to wooden boards, and cut and stuck or bored through, and miserably
massacred, so that a heart of stone would have been softened. Some were thrown in
the river, and when the fathers and mothers endeavoured to rescue them, the soldiers
would not let them come ashore again, but caused both young and old to be drowned.
. . Some came to our people on the farms with their hands cut off; others had their
legs hacked off and some were holding their entrails in their arms.
Within a few weeks 11 surrounding tribes joined in retaliation against the colonists. Farms in
Brooklyn were burned. Most of Manhattan was burned and looted as well. The colonists,
numbering only about 500, huddled in their dilapidated Fort Amsterdam at the tip of Manhattan
until the Indians left. A truce was signed in April, but that lasted only five months. Most of the
tribes felt New Amsterdam's reparations [in wampum] for the massacred Indians were not
sufficient to even the score. In September, 1,500 Indian warriors from seven tribes attacked
and sezed most of Manhattan and Long Island. The colonists were forced to remain in the
shelter of their fort for several months. The Dutch ended the immediate threat to Manhattan
several months later, with the help of English mercenaries, in the same bloodthirsty manner in
which the war had started. They attacked a village near Stamford, killing 20 Indians, then
moved on to a Canarsie village where they killed 120. Near Greenwich they attacked and
burned a big village at night, killing more than 500 Indians, most of them by fire. More than two
years passed before peace was restored. The war was a terrible setback for the New
Amsterdam and Long Island colonies. Manhattan's population dwindled to 250, less than it was
in 1630. Director Kieft was recalled to Holland, but his ship struck a reef near the English coast
and he never reached home. In February 1643. Cornelis Van Tienhoven married
Rachel Vigne, daughter of
Guillaume Vigne and
Adriana Cuveille, on 18 February 1643. Cornelis Van Tienhoven resided at at 227-229 Pearl St., New York City, New York County, New York, circa 1644. Cornelis was known as a womanizer. He dressed as an Indian "with a little covering" and
chased after the many "light women" of New Amsterdam. In 1649, long after he married and
began a family, he took a lengthy trip back to Holland to offer his explanation why the colony
was not progressing. While there, he "became engaged" to a young lady. The unsuspecting
girl accompanied him on his travels in Holland and on the two-month voyage back to America,
expecting to marry him at the end of the journey. When their ship, the Waterhont , tied up at
New Amsterdam, he suddenly became a family man again. Such was his influence among the
corrupt officials in the colony that no one would listen to the poor girl's tale of betrayal. In 1649. Van Tienhoven could not give up the role of instigator. In September 1655, Director Peter
Stuvesant was on a visit to the Dutch colony in Delaware, so Van Tienhoven used the occasion
to begin yet another calamitous war with the Indians. The Indians apparently also knew
Stuyvesant was out of town. Members of the Esopus, Hackensack and Mohican tribes in 64
canoes stopped at Manhattan on their way to settle some old scores with the Canarsie tribes on
Long Island. They landed to get food, some planning on buying it and others on taking it. A
number of them began to raid the colonists' orchards. The war began when Hendrick VAN
DYCK shot an Indian woman who was taking some peaches from his garden. It became known
as "The Peach War. "
Hundreds of Indians swarmed throughout the city on the next day, harassing the citizens and
trespassing in their homes. One found and wounded Van Dyck with an arrow. In the evening
a band of Indians were gathered at the shore. Van Tienhoven led a contingent of armed
citizens to their location and called out, "Murder the savages who kill the Dutch. " Shots rang out
and the Indians fled in their canoes, but not before returning the fire and killing several of their
attackers. The Indians did not go far. Across the river at Staten Island they spent the night
putting fire to houses and farms. Over the next three days Indians swept through the Dutch
settlements along the East River and the Hudson, driving the Dutch from their homes and farms.
Stuyvesant returned to New Amsterdam at the end of September, to find almost the entire
population of New Netherlands in and around Fort Amsterdam. Forty colonists had been killed
and a hundred more were prisoners in Indian camps. Hundreds of houses and farms were
reduced to ashes and ruins. By the end of October, the Indians released 70 of their prisoners
in return for powder and lead. It was two years before they finished extorting Stuyvesant for the
return of the remaining 30.
Back in Holland, the Company's directors received evidence that Van Tienhoven had
committed a series of improper actions in his former role as Secretary. The "Peach War" was
the last straw. Peter Stuyvesant tried to defend him, saying the war was not Van Tienhoven's
fault. The company responded by ordering Stuyvesant to remove Van Tienhoven and not to
defend him, "as we are confident that the charges are true. Whoever considers his last
transactions with the savages, will find that with clouded brains filled with liquor, he was a prime
cause of this dreadful massacre. " By June 1656 he had been dismissed from office. In September 1655. He died in 1656; drowned or absconded. He also left a great deal of property and three houses.
Van Tienhoven's hat and cane were found floating in the river on November 18, 1656. He
was presumed drowned, but there was reason to be suspicious that this was a planned
disappearance. The "drowning" occurred while he was pending an appearance before a court
of inquiry. He died circa 1664.